Advising the UK government what key actions need to be taken to adapt Essay

Advising the UK government what key actions need to be taken to adapt to and mitigate environmental change during the next 50 years - Essay Example The governing bodies all over the world are in need of having a new perspective on this depleting ecosystem, to preserve it, to provide long term good health for all the people, all over the world. The continued stability of the life supporting systems of the biosphere weighs heavily on the actions taken by the government. With temperatures rising everyday and with pollution going overboard, it is time for the UK government to start taking steps to minimize the rate of depletion, the environment is going through. Thereby, a better future can be ensured in the coming years. Environmental changes refer to the drastic change taking place in air, water, climate and other natural activities, globally. Though climate change has been widely acknowledged, there is still an uncertainty on how large and how fast the predicted effects will be on the environment. Several events in the recent past such as the hurricane Katrina in South Atlantic and the heat waves which took hundreds of lives in Europe, certainly raised questions over stability of climate. All of these cannot be attributed only to climate change. But certainly, it becomes the frontrunner when these events are predicted to occur more in future. Global warming is the main cause for the climate change happening all over the world. Upon closely scrutinizing the available data on climate, it clearly indicates that there is a rapid increase in temperature over the past decade. From the beginning of twentieth century, earth’s surface temperature has increased to 1.4oF (0.7oC) and in this, about 0.9oF (0.5oC) has occurred since 1978. This striking increase in temperature is definitely due to global warming which is further pronounced with the emission of green house gases and air pollution. Global warming is further pronounced with the depletion of ozone layer. It has resulted in the penetration of UV rays into earth and thereby

Fashion and Design: History of 1940s to 1950s

Fashion and Design: History of 1940s to 1950s Introduction Fashion is a heating issue in daily life, which is close to nearly every aspect of society. As the expansion of globalisation, fashion companies are seeking to more opportunities in international market by establishing subsidiaries all over the world. According to Helen (1965), fashion design is using dedicated art in clothing and accessories to establish a unique style. In todays fashion field, Italy is considered in the leading place for its elegant and dedicated style. However, France and Japan are also produce excellent designers who have gained international reputation in fashion design and establish famous brands. The history of fashion design could be dated back to 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth to sew label into the garments, and only clothing created after 1858 could be considered as fashion design1. During that historical period, most fashion designers are self-employed in a family-based clothing shop and provide design service to individual customer, which are quite different from todays specialty stores or high-fashion department stores. During the whole 20th century, fashion design had gradually been developed systematically and has become an important industry in society. It is therefore useful for analyzing the fashion history of 20th as a guide for the new centurys development. This essay will pick up specific decade between 1940 and 1950 as the research target. Background information of 20th century fashion design The development of fashion design in 20th century has experienced a unique process. The first decade of the century was a period to pursue new element into the design (Baudot, 1999). The emergence of new female generation and solid trend in arts had stimulated fashion design to combine new elements. The Europe trend was still focused on elegance and grace, while U.S trend was developed to natural style, provided a step from the dedicated style of 19th century. Between1910-1919, there was a great change in fashion design influence by Deco arts. The distinct character of Deco arts was the use of straight and folded line. It brought a boyish style in the fashion design to adopt a concision style and add some eastern elements. During next decade, the fashion design added girlish style to the clothes and continue to keep the youth elements in the design. Chanels style created by combination of coat, skirt and dress privailed and expanded until nowadays. Another characteristics is the atte ntion on sport clothes design. There is also fashion design trend in China with the amend of traditional cheong-sam. 1930-1939 was an important decade for the fashion design. In reaction to the economic crisis, the patch-up skirts which represented saving appeared. Then a long skirt lap prevailed until the Second World War. The broken of war stimulated a trend of nostalgic new Victorian style. Another important contribution of this decade is the establishment of modern fashion design criteria, combining the elements of elegance, beauty and taste to emphasize the corresponding of clothes and circumstances. The next decade, also the target period in the research, is 1940-1949. The luxurious style during the war time was restricted by law and moral codes. Practicality had become a criteria for fashion design. The pursue of function made the women clothes be input more male elements by the prevail of army clothes and frocks. The war time also provided America with the chance of developi ng its own fashion design instead of totally relying on Europe. Aims of the research Nowadays, fashion designers create their original work to express their unique taste and style. However, they also produce works to follow the existing fashion trends. They are hired by mass market manufacturers to create clothes for men, women and children. The most successful designer brands today are those brands with long history, such as Chanel, Christian Dior and Louis Vuitton. It took them years to establish and develop their positions as fashion icons. In regard to the historical context, 1900-1950 is a very important revolution in fashion history, manufactures started more creative on the design of their clothes. Fashion design corporations have to produce their own brand with high quality and reputation to survive and compete in the promising market. To define and understand what constitutes fashion design and how fashion design has emerged in todays time as place the fashion design in certain imperative time periods is important way to understand fashion industry. The aim of this research is to present fashion design in the decades of 1940-1950 to explore the relationship between fashion design and a series of factors, such as arts, health beauty, science technology, and so on. Fashion Design and Its Related Factors Arts Before 20th century, fashion design is only a passive reflection of arts. When came to 20th century, especially the decade between 1940 and 1950, fashion designers were willing to cooperative with arts. They combined their design with major arts genre. Schiaparells desk clothes and laniate clothes are representation of super-realism (Buxhaum, 1999). During this period, the popular music trend was bop and big band. In the dance area, jive, swing and foxtrot was in the heating position. All the trends in arts have influenced fashion design deeply. All this new ideas brought fashion market into a new generation. At this time, enterprise were normally operation by designers them or family business. Politics and current events The most influential event during this period is the Second World War. War as an important factor to change the history of human being, as well as the development of fashion design. During the decade after the Second World War, fashion design had a great transformation. Womens fashion of the beginning of the decade was masculine, and by the end of the decade2 it changed to extremely feminine. During the war time, the fashion design style was changed from elegance, dedicated to concision, while it was emphasized on feminine again after the war. Moreover, the pursue of practical function during the war time enabled the fashion designer to add more male elements in designing female clothes, some even used male manner into women design (Marsha, 1993). The strictly restriction on dressing was also carried out in several countries, for example, there was a point system in Britain to restrict the dressing style of women, set out a series of rules to lead womens dressing way (Janet, 1977). T his kind of restriction not only put on female dressing, but also guided males way of dressing. Males uniform style was most affected part such as utility suit of Britain and victory suit of America (Boucher, 1987). The whole decade was dominated by the wartime practical function and the after-war feminine style. Health sport After 1945 a series of revolutionary changes took place in sports clothe. Firstly, pullover dresses, underwear and gym tops often used new range of synthetic fibres which suited in the early days of production to knitted fabrics. During the fifties, some earlier inventions and new use of synthetic fibres particularly nylon combined with practical techniques developed in military clothing were introduced into civilian production. For example, hoods that were concealed in neck collars; pockets in jacket fronts which were designed to store snack foods; gloves with zip pockets for ski passes; elastic inserts in the sides of ski pants and stirrup straps underfoot made for pull on, pull off clothes. These features are expected by us automatically today. In addition, nylon running shorts and cotton vests3 were adopted by athletes. Zip up windcheaters and anoraks were taken onto the athletics and sports field, though trouser bottoms often appeared to be odd, they helped to keep off the chill . Stretch garments became quite popular by the mid sixties; and one attractive advantage was the comfort factor of being able to move with a garment. Hair beauty In this decade the most popular hair styles is tresses curled and rolled longer. The movie stars of that time such as Veronica Lake and Lauren Bacall gave the best demonstration of the long curling styles. Though putting your hair up into compact elegant up-dos was the standard style for weddings and proms, this kind of occasions became rarer and rarer. World War II heavily influenced the beauty industry in this decade. The fashion, cosmetics used and beauty standards were affected by the mood of sad and depression. As Ingrid Bergman showed in the 1942 movie Casablanca, a typical beauty style should try to demonstrate serious, glamorous in a very subdued, sophisticated way4. A wholesome look was much more acceptable than showy. The mood for excess and flamboyancy was considered as inadequate, both because the effects of the Depression still were influencing peoples life, and because a lot of American young men were sending to European battlefields to fight and die. Celebrity The fashion icon in this period was Rita Hayworth. The Great American Love Goddess was born in Brooklyn, New York. She represented the most fashionable style of 1940s in the movies of The Strawberry Blonde (1941), and Blood and Sand (1941). The musicals You`ll Never Get Rich (1941) and You Were Never Lovelier (1942), both with Fred Astaire, My Gal Sal (1942), with Victor Mature, and Cover Girl (1944), with Gene Kelly, made her a musical star and a favourite pinup girl of American servicemen during WWII (Stach, 1987). Science technology The development of science and technology enable fashion design develops from hand-made family workshop to the machinery production. The importance of customer design began to be recognised. As the improvement of manufacture technology, the ready-to-wear clothes were considered to be the major issue during this period. The science of human body stimulates the establishment of comprehensive size system for clothes. The technology also made the manufacturing of clothes divided into three categories: Haute Couture clothes, senior ready-to-wear clothes and ordinary ready-to-wear clothes. Meanwhile, the expansion of materials scope provided sufficient basis for designers to express their unique style in their masterpieces. Although the battle broke out over the world, new products came out at the same time. Nylons were sold to the public in 1940 when the battle of Britain started. In the next year, Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour, and the jeep was invented in the same year. In 1942, when the battle of Midway and the battle of Stalingrad broke out, T-shirt was introduced to the public. Moreover, the advancement of social science also played great role in the fashion design within the period. People established positive attitudes towards beauty as well as fashion design and were tolerance on prevailed trends, which enabled some subculture trend become popular in the mainstream of the society. Conclusion 1940-1950 was an important period in fashion design due to the influence of World War II. Affected by the war, many fashion corporations closed such as Maision Vionnet and Maison Chanel, while others relocated in New York (Turner, 1958). Pariss leading place was still continued although Germany was taking half of French manufacturing and was considering relocate the original French haute couture to Berlin. The faith of fashion design was established and developed quickly (Peacock, 1998). Its enomous change was driven by several factors include arts, political events, hair beauty, science technology, etc. Conduct research on this specific decade is not simply dating back to the history, it is also provides sufficient information for the development of fashion design in the new century. References: Books: Baudot, F. (1999) A Century of Fashion. London: Thames Hudson Ltd. Boucher, F. (1987) A History of Costume in West , London: Thames Hudson Ltd. Buxhaum, G. (1999) Icons of Fashion, the 20th century. NY: Verleg. Helen, B. (1965). The Theory of Fashion Design, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Janet, A. (1977). Patterns of Fashion 2: Englishwomens Dresses and Their Construction c. 1860-1940, Wace 1966, Macmillan 1972. Revised metric edition, Drama Books. James, L. (1979). The Concise History of Costume and Fashion, Abrams. Marsha, H. (1993). The Way We Wore: Styles of the 1930s and 40s and Our World Since Then, Fallbrook Pub. Ltd. Peacock, J. (1998) Fashion Sourcebooks, the 1940s. London: Thames Hudson Ltd. Stach, L. (1987). Hollywood and Seventh Avenue: The Impact of Historical Films on Fashion, in Hollywood and History: Costume Design in Film, Los Angeles County Turner, W. (1958). The Mode in Fashion, 1942; 2nd expanded edition New York: Scribners. Websites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth http://www.artdesignfashion.com/timelines/ http://www.fashion-era.com/sports_fashion_until_1950.htm http://www.lphouse.com/hairstyles-1940s.htm

Mentoring Nursing and Healthcare Students Essay examples -- Nursing Ed

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) defines the role of a mentor as a nurse with specific training who is able to facilitate learning, and supports and supervises students in a practice setting (NMC 2008). Mentorship plays an integral part in the next generation of practitioners and nursing professionals play a vital role in guiding a process that allows the transference of knowledge, skills and attributes from healthcare professionals to the students they are working with (English National Board and Department of Health 2001). This assignment will critically review the key issues for the preparation of an effective learning environment and appraise the opportunities and challenges experienced when facilitating learning in practice. It will analyse the mentors role and accountability within the assessment process, and the evaluation processes that develop student learning in practice. The environment in which this assignment is set is a thirty bedded Acute Medical Ward, within the Department of Medicine for older people in an NHS teaching hospital. A mentors role in this clinical setting involves providing both formal and informal learning opportunities in supporting students, newly qualified nurses and Healthcare support workers. A strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the clinical setting ( appendix1) highlights the complexities of this learning environment. In recent years a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the clinical environment and its importance in the facilitation of learning, where students are most likely to be receptive to learning and nurses are able to combine the theory taught at university, with the practical skills required to become a competent practitioner. Pell... ...oyal College of Nursing (RCN) (2007) Guidance for mentors of nursing students and midwives, London: Royal College of Nursing Shakespeare, P. and Webb, C. (2008) 'Professional identity as a resource for talk: exploring the mentor-student relationship', Nursing Inquiry, 15 (4), pp 270-279 Sharples, K., Kelly, D. and Elcock, K. (2007) 'Supporting mentors in practice', Nursing Standard, 21 (39), pp 44-47 Spouse, J. (2008) 'Learning through legitimate peripheral participation', Nurse Education Today, 18 (5), pp 345-351 Tetheridge, J. (2010) 'Interviewing student and qualified nurses to find out what makes an effective mentor', Nursing Times, 106 (48), pp 19 – 21 Timmins, F. and Kaliszer, M. (2002) 'Aspects of nurse education programmes that frequently cause stress to nursing students – fact finding sample survey', Nurse Education Today, 22, pp 203-211

Christian Philosophy Reflection Essay

†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Life is like a blackboard. It’s empty in the first place, so we need to fill it whatever we want but with a virtue. We are not born a purpose, we live for a purpose. So go ahead and write something on your blackboard†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Human is like a crown? Why? Same as a crown, human also have gems that representing, reflecting, radiating him with many splendored aspects and facets of being human – the physical, intellectual, moral, religious, social, political, economic, emotional, sentient, esthetic, sensual and sexual. Those splendored personalities are gifts given by our creator that we should to cherish and nurture. At the same time, those aspects were bestowed on man for the purpose to serve for the betterment and perfection not only for an individual man but for all humanity. For on the day of final reckoning, God will judge man not according to his gifts, possessions, positions but according to his works. As we strive for our existence and destiny which is HAPPINESS, we are also striving for our dignity to be dignified to make it worthy, because dignification without dignity is baseless. These existence of ours acquiring knowledge in the first place is called Essentialism that we could used to act and to develop His gifts for the betterment or add anything to it. This chapter really taught me: Why we are here? What is the purpose of our existence? That gives a clear view and a guide in what to do in my daily lives. I could move with a greater focus and clarity everyday of my life. My objectives, plans, and goals will be easy for me now to accomplish through applying this purpose to one of us. While striving for it, we’ll just need to ask some guidance and help from Him that He will always there in our daily struggling. In addition, we need also to act upon His accordance, doing good deeds and right actions with a virtue. We need to love His other creation same to how we love ourselves such as plants, animals and our mother Earth. We’ll just need to show care and kindness such as not throwing trash anywhere, by planting trees and by prohibiting people to strictly avoid hunting any kinds of animals. It helps me also to be more faithful to  God, to be thankful to Him that He gives us a very beautiful life and splendored body. To give Him thanks, I just need to nurture and develops His gifts to us by helping other creation of God and not to abuse it. These topics really reflect to me that should also read by all students to enlighten them and may use this as their guidance in life. We just keep on love, trust and faithful to HIM- our creator, GOD.

Lady of Bath vs. Desdemona

ENGL 220 – Scott Mackenzie December 8th, 2010 Breaking the Socially Acceptable Behavior of Women in Chaucer and Shakespeare To say that men in the centuries leading up to the twentieth believed a woman must be â€Å"seen but not heard,† is a fair statement. Women during the times of Chaucer and Shakespeare were second class citizens with little rights. They were considered properties of their masters (fathers and husbands), and had no use other than birthing and mothering. A woman was supposed to be meek, chaste, and have no opinion.However, the characters Desdemona in William Shakespeare’s Othello and Dame Alison from The Wife of Bath’s Prologue in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales seemingly go against common conventions of women, as they are bold characters who have strong opinions and exert dominance. Dame Alison, the Wife of Bath, is a character created by Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales. She is a merchant who has an interest in profit, an d uses sex and her many husbands to gain that profit. Alison has been married five times, and she is open to more, as sex is extremely important to her. Welcome the sixte, whan that ever he shal! / For sothe, I wol nat kepe me chast in al,/ Whan myn housbonde is fro the world anoon. † (51-53) Alison is boldly stating that she will continue to remarry because she cannot remain without sex, a statement that blatantly goes against the ideal woman, a lady who has one husband and is chaste at all times. Alison challenges this ideal when she says, â€Å"but that I axe, why that the fifthe man/ was noon housbond to the Samaritan? 1/ How manye mighte she have in mariage? / †¦ God bad us for to wexe and multiplye. (21-23, 28) In Alison’s time, the messages in the bible were considered the truth and 1 Referencing a story in the bible where Jesus told a Samaritan that though she had five mates, only one was her husband. were not to be challenged, especially by a woman. Withi n the first one hundred lines of her prologue, Dame Alison is breaking traditional womanly conventions by admitting her love of sex and questioning why the bible says she can only have one husband. Traditionally, husbands worked to make money and wives took care of the household.However, in The Canterbury Tales, we find out that Dame Alison is a business woman who â€Å"of cloth-making she hadde swich an haunt,/ she passed hem of Ypres and of Gaunt. † (Prologue to Canterbury Tales, 449-50) And though she is a successful business woman in her own right, Alison also uses sex to control her men and receive material gifts from them. She states that her first husbands were so old that â€Å"they had me yeven hir gold and hir tresoor;/ me neded nat do lenger diligence/ to winne hir love, or doon hem reverence. (204-206) In this quote, Alison is saying that they gave her land, money, and love without her having to have sex with them, a quote that shows readers she is open about sle eping with men to get what she wants. She reaffirms this notion of using sex to get what she wants by stating, â€Å"a wys womman wol sette hir ever in oon/ to gete hir love, ther as she hath noon. / But sith I hadde hem hoolly in myn hond,/ and sith they hadde me yeven all hir lond/ what sholde I taken hede hem for to plese/ but it were for my profit and myn ese? (209-214) In the lines following that quote, Alison goes on to mention that she had her husbands wrapped around her finger and that they were happy to please her. This is a direct contradiction to the social expectations of women in the time of Chaucer. Women were supposed to be at their husbands beckon and call, to ask for nothing, and to provide sex when needed by the husband. However, Alison’s husbands are at her beckon and call, she asks repeatedly for things, and she only has sex when she wants something. By using sex to her economic advantage, Alison is further breaking the socially acceptable behavior of wom en.Dame Alison challenges the bible in reference to virginity. Challenging the bible was generally taboo, especially when it came from a woman. Alison poses strong arguments and questions about virginity. Firstly, she says that Saint Paul’s talk of virginity and remaining celibate throughout life â€Å"al nis but conseil. †(82) Secondly, in lines 105-114, she is saying that virginity is a kind of perfection, and though Jesus was perfect, virginity is only meant for those who strive for absolute perfection, like Jesus was. Alison, on the other hand, says that â€Å"[she] wol bistoew the flour of al myn age,/ in the actes and in fruit of mariage. (113-114) Thirdly, Alison questions the design of the physical body. â€Å"Telle me also, to what conclusion/ were membres maad of generacioun/ and for what profit was a wight y-wrought? † (115-117) In this quote, Alison is asking why genitals were made perfect for each other if they weren’t mean to be used. Quest ioning why the bible and society have such strong opinions on virginity, a subject that is not generally discussed by women, is yet another reason why Dame Alison, the Wife of Bath from The Canterbury Tales challenges the socially acceptable behavior of women.Desdemona, the main female character in William Shakespeare’s Othello is another example of a character who is breaking female behavior norms. In the first act, Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, makes note of what a proper Venetian woman should be. He says they should be â€Å"of spirit still and quiet†¦ never bold. † (I. iii. 95-97) Contrary to Brabantio’s statement however, Desdemona is arguably bold. Her father, Brabantio, has long decided Desdemona will marry a business man. She, however, finds them boring, and thus marries Othello.Othello, though a celebrated general of the Venetian arm, is a moor2 and is therefore somewhat of a 2 A person who usually comes from northern Africa or Arabia and i s therefore black or dark skinned. societal outcast in the predominantly white Venice. Desdemona blatantly defies her father, something proper women never do, by marrying a social outcast. Any proper woman in Othello’s time would have been meek and polite both in public and in private, characteristics that are not displayed by Desdemona in either place.When confronted by her father about her marriage to Othello, Desdemona fights back, stating â€Å"I am hitherto your daughter: but here’s my husband/ and so much duty as my mother show’d/ to you, preferring you before her,/ so much I challenge that I may profess/ due to the Moor my lord. † (I. iii. 185-189) Desdemona is maintaining a strong stance on her marriage to Othello and is not cowering away because of her angry father. She publicly argues with Brabantio, an act that easily challenges the socially acceptable behavior of women as women were supposed to be submissive, never arguing with their fathers ( or any man for that matter), specially in public. Like Dame Alison, Desdemona is a temptress who uses sex to get what she wants. Trying to convince Othello to forgive Cassio, Desdemona states, â€Å"tell me Othello, I wonder in my soul/ what you would ask me that I should deny,/ or stand so mammering on? † (III. iii. 68-70) By referring to her unquestionable desire to please Othello in every possible way, Desdemona is saying that Othello cannot possibly love her as much as she loves him if he denies her wishes. In this one instance, Desdemona is subtly defying the socially acceptable behavior of women as she is using her sexuality to get what she wants.Overall, both Desdemona from Othello and Dame Alison from The Wife of Bath’s Prologue are characters who defy the socially acceptable behavior of women in their respective time periods. Desdemona acts bold by defying and arguing with her father, and uses her sexuality to manipulate. Similarly, Alison uses her sexuality f or economic gains from her five husbands, has a successful business of her own, and challenges the bible’s stance on multiple marriages and virginity. Therefore, both Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare challenge the ideals of the behavior of women in the early 14th and 17th centuries respectively.